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Active vocabulary
immediate [I'mi:dIqt] негайний, невідкладний
victim ['vIktIm] жертва
injury ['IndZqri] тілесне ушкодження, рана, травма
emergency [I'mE:dZ(q)nsI] непередбачений випадок; надзвичайна подія;
важкий стан (хворого)
enable [I'neIb(q)l] давати (комусь) можливість або право (щось зробити); створювати можливість, полегшувати
awareness [q'weqnIs] поінформованість, информированность
supply [sq'plaI] запас
kit1 [kIt] ранець, речовий мішок; комплект, набір (інструментів)
drugstore аптека
tweezers ['twi:zqz] пінцет
scissors ['sIzqz] ножиці
tend [tend] доглядати, піклуватися, доглядати
breathe [bri:D] дихати; вдихати; видихати
unconscious [An'kPnSqs] непритомний
flex [fleks] згинати, гнути
jackknife ['dZxk|naIf] великий складаний кишеньковий ніж
tension ['ten(q)n] напруга; напруженість
blanket ['blxNkIt] покривати (ковдрою)
fracture ['frxktSq] перелом; розрив; тріщина
axis ['xksIs] другий шийний хребець
First Aid. General Rules for First Aid
First aid is the immediate care given to the victim of a sudden illness or injury, often as an emergency measure, until medical help can be obtained. First aid involves calming and reassuring the victim as well as caring for his physical needs. Knowledge of first aid rules and procedures enables one to administer immediate, often life-saving, care to victims of accidents. It may also create an awareness of the causes of accidents and encourage safe behavior.
The basic supplies most often required for first aid care are generally available in convenient kits, which may be pun based in most drugstores. These kits usually contain a variety of dressings and other equipment, such as tweezers and scissors.
General Rules and Procedures
The following general rules and procedures should be followed in caring for any victim of an accident or sudden illness. Naturally, the person best trained in first aid procedures should be the one to tend the victim. One or two other people may be enlisted to assist the first -aider, and another person should be sent to call for medical assistance.
Tending the Victim. In the case of an accident or sudden illness, these procedures should ordinarily be followed: send for medical aid; keep the victim lying down; check for injuries; plan what to do and carry out that plan. The more serious injuries and disorders must be attended to before the others. If the victim is in shock, has stopped breathing, is bleeding heavily, or has ingested poison, every second counts; the first-aider must work quickly.
While examining the victim, try to calm and reassure him by telling him what first aid measures you are going to take and how they will help him. It is best for the first-aider not to make statements about his injuries to him or to bystanders.
If the victim is unconscious, do not attempt to rouse him by shaking him, talking, or shouting. Keep him lying down. Do not try to give him any liquids. Loosen the clothing around his neck and if there are no apparent fractures, turn him on his side, maintaining this position by flexing one or both knees. Place a pillow under the side of his head so that any secretions may drool out of the side of his month. Calling for Medical Aid. When calling a doctor or hospital for medical help, give the victim's name, age, and address, the exact location of the accident, and the nature of the victim's injuries. It is also important to mention what first aid measures are being taken to aid the victim.
Moving the Victim. Perhaps more harm is done by improper moving of a victim than by any other measures associated with first aid. If the victim must be moved quickly to prevent further injury, pull him in the direction of the long axis of the body, not sideways. If possible, place a blanket or similar object under him so that he can ride on it.
If the victim must be lifted to safety before a check for injuries can be made, the people carrying him should try to protect all parts of his body from the tensions of lifting. The body should never be jackknifed or doubled over, but should be kept in as straight a line as possible. The arms, legs, back, and head should all be supported.
A person who may have a head injury, a back injury, or a fracture of the thigh, leg, arm, or pelvis should never be transported sitting up in a car. He should be kept lying down with the injured parts immobilized.
Answer the following questions
1. What is first aid?
2. What does first aid involve?
3. What helps and enables a person to administer immediate care to victim of accident?
4. Who should be the one to tend a victim?
5. What procedures should ordinarily befollowed in the case of an accident or sudden illnes?
6. How one should call a doctor ro hospital?
7. Is it always necessary to move a victim?
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